On June 3-4 2024 the annual editition of the Policy Dialogues on Religions and International Relations supported by the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation (MFAIC) took place in Rome with the title “Religious and Interreligious Engagement in Peacebuilding in the Middle Eastern Crisis”.1 The dialogue, which was held as a closed-door roundtable format under Chatham House rules, included scholars, religious leaders, civil society actors and policymakers from across the region, including from Syria, Lebanon, Israel and Palestine, many of whom with decades of work in leading initiatives for peace and interreligious dialogue in the region. There were also representatives of the American, French, Italian, British, and Czech governments and other international organisations. The composition of the dialogues also reflected its setting in Rome and included the participation of actors working in the transnational religious and diplomatic networks linked to the Holy See. The Policy Dialogue was convened in the context of the devastating escalation of violence in Israel and Palestine since October 7th and the further instability it had provoked in neighbouring countries such as in Syria and Lebanon. Since then the recent ceasefires in Lebanon and Gaza, however fragile, and the fall of the Assad regime in Syria have changed the context and the relevance of this Report which focused on what religious actors can bring to the table as partners in peacebuilding in the Middle East crisis. As these conflicts enter into this new phase, the Report offers a series of initial reflections and recommendations on what role religious actors can play in partnership with governments to further de-escalate violence and build peace in the context of the ongoing diplomatic efforts. The report also illustrates important disagreements about how religious actors may or may not work towards peace in the region. In continuing a dialogue of this kind, involving opposing voices and perspectives, it is our hope that even after these tragic events in the region, and in the face of the instrumental use of religious traditions, religious leaders can still unmask abusive interpretations; mobilize non-violent civil society action; facilitate conflict mediation; challenge political and social injustices; and accompany post-conflict reconciliation processes. Some policy-makers across the world recognize that religion and religious engagement of this sort can be “part of the solution” and a strategic resource for diplomacy and peacebuilding. As the recommendations in this report make clear, religious leaders or interreligious dialogue will not solve this political conflict. Nonetheless, we offer this Report as a contribution to the discussion of how religious engagement might better serve an inclusive and successful process of peacebuilding for the future of the region.