This chapter examines two core elements of global border regimes: physical border infrastructures and visa regulations. The former aim at control at the territorial boundary line, while the latter regulate mobility already in the country of origin or the transit country. We use newly collected data to describe both instruments of mobility and border control in their global and temporal diffusion. We show that fortified borders have experienced a renaissance since the millennium but are mainly found in Asia and Europe. They are often used at borders characterised by large wealth gaps and political system differences, but they also have a symbolic function. In term of visa policies, we diagnose a “global mobility divide”, which describes the unequal travel opportunities associated with specific passports. However, regional integration may represent a countermovement by combining internal opening with external closure. We conclude that borders and border controls act as “sorting machines” to filter desirable from undesirable mobility.